Effect of Regulatory Network of Exosomes and microRNAs on Neurodegenerative Diseases / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Objective</b>A comprehensive review of the network regulation of exosomes and microRNAs (miRNAs) in neurodegenerative diseases was done, centering on the mechanism of the formation of exosomes and miRNAs and the sorting mechanism of exosomal miRNAs, with the aim to provide a theoretical basis in the search of biomarkers and the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.</p><p><b>Data Sources</b>The comprehensive search used online literature databases including NCBI PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Baidu Scholar.</p><p><b>Study Selection</b>The study selection was based on the following keywords: exosomes, miRNAs, central nervous system (CNS), and neurodegenerative diseases. The time limit for literature retrieval was from the year 2000 to 2018, with language restriction in English. Relevant articles were carefully reviewed, with no exclusions applied to study design and publication type.</p><p><b>Results</b>Exosomes are the smallest nanoscale membranous microvesicles secreted by cells and contain important miRNAs, among other rich contents. In the CNS, exosomes can transport amyloid β-protein, α-synuclein, Huntington-associated protein 1, and superoxide dismutase I to other cells. These events relieve the abnormal accumulation of proteins and aggravating neurological diseases. In some neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, miRNAs are pathologically altered as an inexorable course, suggesting that miRNAs may contribute neurodegeneration. Exosomes and miRNAs form a network to regulate the homeostasis of the CNS, both synergistically and individually.</p><p><b>Conclusion</b>The network of exosomes and miRNAs that regulates CNS homeostasis is a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.</p>

The possibility of hepatitis B virus transmission through dental handpieces / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the possibility of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission through dental handpieces.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Investigation was carried on methods for disinfecting and sterilizing dental handpieces and the condition of HBsAg contamination on dental handpieces before and after disinfection and sterilization by randomly sampling all special stomatological hospitals and dental clinics in a same city and 10 dental departments from the third, second and first class hospitals. The possibility of HBV transmission through dental handpieces was probed by investigating whether ducks can be infected by bath liquid of dental handpieces contaminated by DHBV, while in such bath liquid, DHBV can not be detected by serum dot hybridization.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>From 2001 to 2004, in methods to disposing dental handpieces, the use of autoclave was remarkably increased while of the disinfectant wipe, immersion and other methods was remarkably decreased. The positive rate of HBsAg from dental handpieces in practice was 1.65%. It was evident that the bath liquid of dental handpieces contaminated by DHBV can conduct infection in vivo test of duck, while DHBV can not be detected in such bath liquid by serum dot hybridization, it is proved that the negative result of HBsAg in non-sterilized dental handpieces can not eliminate the possibility of HBV transmission through dental handpieces.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There might exist the possibility of HBV transmission through dental handpieces however, the autoclaves might kill the virus contaminating on dental handpieces.</p>